Consequences of Trump’s 2025 Immigration Policy on African Families: A Systematic Review

Christian Matthew Adetunji — 2026-02-25

In 2025, the reinstated and expanded immigration policies under President Donald J. Trump reshaped global mobility and family life. The new restrictions—popularly called the “2025 Travel Ban”—targeted nineteen countries and tightened vetting for additional nationalities, many of them in Africa. These actions intersected with changes to refugee processing and funding, as well as evolving consular guidance, prompting concerns about family separation, humanitarian protection, and community well-being. This systematic review synthesises evidence published between January 20 and November 2025 on the consequences of these policies for African families in the United States and across transnational settings. Following PRISMA guidance, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, HeinOnline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar and consulted institutional repositories (U.S. Department of State visa statistics, USCIS, UNHCR, Refugee Council USA, American Immigration Council) and major newswires (Reuters, AP) reporting primary policy documents and data. Sixty-four items met the inclusion criteria. The evidence converges on five consequence domains: (1) delays and denials in family reunification; (2) psychological distress and identity anxiety within affected households; (3) economic disruptions, including reduced mobility and income uncertainty; (4) contraction and delay in refugee pathways, with knock-on effects for kinship networks; and (5) broader transnational disillusionment and deterrence effects. While the precise magnitude of the effects varies by country and visa class, triangulated data and consistent qualitative accounts indicate substantial, policy-linked harms for African families. Implications include the need for transparent waiver processes, equitable vetting standards, targeted psychosocial support, and policy safeguards that prioritise family unity.

The Influence of Employee Training on Service Delivery in Public Hospitals: A Case of Kaloleni Health Centre, Arusha Region, Tanzania

Kenani Laban Kihongosi — 2026-03-03

Effective governance in public health institutions depends on leadership strategies that prioritise human capital development and continuous capacity building. This study examined the influence of employee training on service delivery at Kaloleni Health Centre (KHC) in Arusha Region, Tanzania. Guided by Kurt Lewin’s Change Theory, the study adopted a mixed-methods descriptive research design and collected data from 150 employees selected through simple random sampling from a population of 240. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 22, where findings showed that employee training significantly improves service delivery (p < 0.05). In particular, 68% of respondents reported improved competencies in ICT utilisation, financial reporting, and records management. Binary logistic regression revealed that key predictors of improved service delivery included level and type of education (Exp(β) = 12.776, p = 0.002) and training on emerging health challenges (Exp(β) = 13.837, p = 0.007). The model explained 83.1% of the variance in service delivery (Nagelkerke R² = 0.831). Qualitative findings further established that governance-supported training enhances professionalism, adaptability, accountability, and organisational responsiveness. The study recommends institutionalising governance-aligned training frameworks to strengthen efficiency, equity, and accountability in Tanzania’s public health sector.

Journal of Public Policy and Governance

Consequences of Trump’s 2025 Immigration Policy on African Families: A Systematic Review

The Influence of Employee Training on Service Delivery in Public Hospitals: A Case of Kaloleni Health Centre, Arusha Region, Tanzania