Nurses’ Experiences and Perceptions of Family Members' Engagement During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Critical Care Units, Mater Hospital, Nairobi City County, Kenya

Abstract

This study examined nurses’ experiences and perceptions of family engagement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the Critical Care Unit of Mater Hospital. While family presence during CPR may provide emotional and therapeutic benefits, it also presents ethical, operational, and psychological challenges for healthcare providers. A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nurses directly involved in resuscitation activities. Thematic analysis was conducted following the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2022). Credibility and trustworthiness were enhanced through triangulation and other rigorous strategies. Findings revealed high levels of emotional and psychological stress among nurses, often intensified by family presence during CPR. Some nurses viewed family engagement as promoting transparency and emotional closure, while others perceived it as a source of distraction and distress. Key challenges included a lack of institutional policies, environmental limitations, and anxiety about performance. Nurses expressed the need for institutional, educational, and emotional support to facilitate effective family involvement. The study highlights the importance of clear institutional policies, structured training programs, and psychological support systems in empowering nurses and promoting compassionate, family-centered care during CPR. The findings inform policy development, clinical practice, and continuing professional education to improve family engagement and outcomes for patients, families, and healthcare providers.