Terrorism Incidences and Its Effects on Sustainable Tourism in Lamu County, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70619/vol5iss2pp26-37-701Keywords:
Terrorism Incidences, Sustainable Tourism, Lamu CountyAbstract
In Lamu County, the tourist industry is a critical source of economic earnings. Still, it faces significant challenges due to security risks such as terrorist incidences, land disputes, environmental degradation, and socio-economic instability. These threats not only disrupt tourist arrivals and revenue generation but also pose long-term sustainability concerns for the region. The study covered the period from 2014 to 2024 and examined the effects of terrorism incidences on sustainable tourism in Lamu County. Grounded in Crisis Management and Sustainable Development Theories, the descriptive design was used, drawing data from a target population of 497 stakeholders, including security agencies, hotel operators, and tourism entities sample of 105 respondents was eventually used. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The study found that terrorism incidences are a critical factor influencing sustainable tourism. The study therefore concluded that terrorism incidences are measurable drivers of tourism outcomes. The study recommended that security collaboration be strengthened through enhanced community policing, intelligence sharing, and coordination between government agencies and local communities.
References
Ashish Sharma, G. K. (2022). Management behind Room Cleaning of Luxury Hotels and Its Success and Balance Ratio. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v11i3.1239.
Buigut, S., & Amendah, D. D. (2016). Effect of terrorism on demand for tourism in Kenya.
Diriye, H. G. (2015). The effects of terrorism on tourism in Africa in the 21st Century: A case study of Kenya. A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a master of Arts degree in International Studies, University of Nairobi.
Hefow, A. A., & Njoroge, J. G. (2023). Violent Extremism and Performance of Tourism in Kenya’s Coastal Region.
Karamelikli, H., Khan, A. A., & Karimi, M. S. (2019). Is terrorism a real threat to tourism development? Analysis of inbound and domestic tourist arrivals in Turkey.
Kazungu, K. (2022). County moves to include extremism fight in budget. National media.
Kenya, G. (2023). Sustainable Tourism in Kenya: Policy Gaps and Recommendations.
Kenya, G. o. (2025). Investment in Tourism is Accelerating Economic Growth.
Kinyanjui, S. (2014). The Impact of Terrorism on Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya.
Kiptoo, P. (2016). The effect of terrorist attacks on the performance of the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Nairobi: A Research Project Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of Finance, School of Business, University of Nairobi.
Liu, X. A. (2024). Attaining global peace and tourism competitiveness: linkages between tourism, security measures, and economic stability.
Masaga, G. N., & Handa, S. O. (2023). Drivers of Youth Radicalization into Violent Extremist Organisations in Isiolo County, Kenya.
Muna, D. W. (2017). The Cost of Terrorism in Kenya.
Musoma, A. L. (2023). Multi-Agency Response to International Terrorism in Kenya: A Comparison of Dusit D2 and Westgate Terror Attacks.
Njoya, E. T., Efthymiou, M., Nikitas, A., & O’Connell, J. F. (2022). The Effects of Diminished Tourism Arrivals and Expenditures Caused by Terrorism and Political Unrest on the Kenyan Economy.
Ouma, L. (2020). Violent Extremism in Lamu County. Nairobi: Human Rights and Policy Studies.
Paul Kipkemoi Langat and Stephen Handa. (2023). Counter terrorism measures and personal security in Lamu County, Kenya. Journal of International Social Science and Humanities, 124-141.
Peter Lowy, Lawrence Bond, Marc Nathanson, Jonathan Dolgen, and Stewart Resnik. (2016). The Attacks on Paris: Lessons Learnt. HSAC and The Paris Public Safety Delegation.
Musa, H., Fatmawati, A., Nuryakin, & Suyanto. (2024). A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of sustainable tourism research in Africa (2003-2023). Retrieved from https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_13_13_1_109-120.pdf
Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife. (2020). Enhancing resilience and sustainable tourism in Kenya. Retrieved from https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/28th-August-National-Tourism-Policy-Review.pdf
Polyzos, S., Papadopoulou, G., & Xesfingi, S. (2023). Examining the link between terrorism and tourism demand: the case of Egypt.
Preko, A., & Gyepi-Garbrah, T. (2023). Understanding the sense of safety and trustworthiness of tourism information among migrant visitors.
ROK. (2016). NATIONAL STRATEGY.... Nairobi, Kenya.
Serić, N., Jakšić Stojanović, A., & Bagarić, L. (2022). The influence of the security perception of a tourist destination on its competitiveness and attractiveness.
Tubey, W. C., Kyalo, D. N., & Mulwa, A. S. (2020). Environmental conservation strategies and sustainability of community-based tourism in Kenya: a case of Maasai Mara conservancies.
Wakanini, H. P. (2014). Influence of Terrorist Activities on Tourism Business Strategies in Kenya: A Case Of Malindi, Kilifi County.
Widayati, T., Semarang, U., & al., e. (2023). The Impact of Environmental Awareness, Service Quality, Destination Attractiveness, Visitor Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention on the Sustainability of Marine Ecotourism: A Case Study of the South Coast of West Java.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadija Fumo Khalifa, Heather Kipchumba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
