Effects of Land Disputes on Sustainable Tourism in Lamu County, Kenya

Abstract

The study sought to establish the effects of land disputes on sustainable tourism in Lamu County. Grounded in crisis management and sustainable development theories, the descriptive design was used, drawing data from a target population of 497 stakeholders, including security agencies, hotel operators, and tourism entities sample of 105 respondents was eventually used. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, such as extrapolation using a multiple linear regression model, correlation, and thematic qualitative analysis, were used to examine data from semi-structured surveys and secondary sources to assess the extent of security risks. The study found that land disputes significantly influence tourism sustainability in Lamu County. Issues such as land grabbing, beach privatization, and delayed issuance of title deeds were found to discourage both local and foreign investment. These disputes not only disrupt community cohesion but also erode investor confidence, slowing down development projects in the tourism sector. In contrast, areas where land ownership conflicts have been resolved were observed to attract more stable investment and stronger collaboration between local communities and developers. Respondents emphasized that equitable land distribution and transparent management of land resources build trust, promote social harmony, and encourage sustainable economic activities. The findings, therefore, underscore that secure and fair land tenure systems are not only a matter of justice but also an essential foundation for sustainable tourism. Without resolving underlying land issues, tourism development risks becoming exclusionary, benefiting only a few while fueling local resentment and instability. Resolve land conflicts transparently by ensuring fair adjudication, equitable access to beaches, and protection of community land rights.